Loud-speaker



May 20, 1930.

' Z6 5 Am 6.

M. R. HUTCHISON LOUD SPEAKER Filed May 27', 1926 FIG. I

3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY May 20, 1930.

M. R. HUTCHISON LOUD SPEAKER Filed May 2'7, 1926 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTURNEY May 20, 1930, M. R. HUTCHISON 1,759,556

LOUD SPEAKER FiledzMoay 27, 1926 s Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY Patented May 20, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MILLER REESE HUTCHISON, OF WEST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO ACOUSTIC PRODUCTS COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A COR- PORATION OF DELAWARE LOUDSPEAKEB Application filed May 27,

The present invention has to do with improvements in radio loud speakers and in sound reproducing iustrun'ients in general, and has for its object to improve the volume, quality and tone, as well as the truth. of both vocal and instrumental music, and to render it free from the customary confusions and distortions of sounds over instruments heretofore proposed.

It is also an object of my invention to construct a compact and attractive design of instrument, comprising an adroit embodiment of fundamental scientific principle, and also ease of manufacture, as Well as hardiness of the completed equipment.

With these and other objects in View, the invention consists in the novel parts or arrangement of parts, all as hereinafter will be more fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.

In a copending patent application, Serial Number 87,073. filed February 9, 1926, loud speakers, and in another copending patent application, Serial Number 98,763, filed March 20, 1926, loud speakers, I have set forth specifications, drawings and claims, covering vention.

different designs and principles of loud speakers more or less pertinent to my present in- Referring to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification in which like numerals designate like parts in all the views:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic sectional View through a design of one of my instruments having discs for sound projections with parallel sides, duplex electro-magnetic diaphragm units centrally located, and a centrally located duplex sound deflector.

Figure 2 is an elevational side View of one design of one of my instruments having parallel disc sides, but with a single electromagnetic diaphragm unit and a single sound deflector centrally located.

Figure 3'is an elevational side View of one design of one of my instruments having parallel disc sides, but with a duplex electromagnetic diaphragm unit and a duplex sound 1926. Serial No. 112,034.

located.

Figure 5 is a side view partially in elevation and partially in section of one design of one of my instruments having a centrally disposed electro-magnetic diaphragm unit, and a sound deflector, and with discs with parallel sides terminating in flares.

Figure 6 is a side view partially in,elevation and partially in section of one design of one of my instrun'ients'having a centrally disposed electro-magnetic diaphragm unit, parallel side discs, a sound deflector, and a sound reflector embracing the entire instrument, said sound reflector having a curved reflecting surface.

Figure 7 is a side view partially in elevation and partially in section of one design of one of my instruments hav ng a centrally disposed clectro-magnetic diaphragm unit, parallel side discs, a sound deflector, and a sound reflector embracing the entire instrument, said sound reflector having a straight angular reflecting surface.

Figure 8 is a side View partly in elevation and partially in section of one of my instruments having a centrally disposed electromagnetic diaphragm unit, a centrally disposed sound deflector, and straight, but divergent sound propagating members.

Figure 9 is a side view partially in elevation and partially in section of one of my instruments having centrally disposed duplex electro-magnetic diaphragm units, and duplex sound deflector, and straight, but divergent sound propagating members.

Figure 10 is a rear view of the electro-magnetic diaphragm side of Figure 8;01' a rear view, or a front view of Figure 9.

Figure 11 is a side view partially in elevation and partially in section of one of my inhers.

Figure 12 is a rear view of one of my instrulnents sound propagating members, with the eccentric posit-ion of the electro-magnetic diaphragm indicated in dotted lines.

construction, a duplex sound deflector, andcurved divergent sound propagating memphragm units, phone receivers with 23, 23, the magnetic hers.

Figure 14 is an enlarged detail view, partially in section and partially in elevation through one of my duplex eleetro-magnetic diaphragm systems and duplex sound deflector.

Figure 15 is a rear detail view.

Figure 16 is a front detail view. I

Figure 17 is a sectional detail view through one of my sound deflecting elements adapted to co-operate with a single electro-magnetic diaphragm unit.

With further reference to Figure 1, 20, 20, are the parallel discs in section, said discs being adapted to propagate sound waves radially. 21, is the duplex sound deflector, having in the present instance the form of a double cone. shown here in sections. 22, 22. are the casings of the .electro-magnetic diasaid electro-magnetic telecores thereof. 24, 24, are the windings of in: sulated wire thereon, the terminals of which are to be joined in series or in parallelto the.

source of electrical energy associated with a radio receiver, telephone circuit orjother suitable supply of varying sound producing energy.

25, 25, are the electro-magnetic system described. and 26, 26, the open throat-ways leading from the diaphragms to the sound deflector 21 between the parallel, or uniformly spaced discs 20, 20. I may operate these associated discs and electro-magnetic diaphragm units inthe vertical position shown, or in a horizontal position, or in any inclined position as illustrated in Fig. 14, and I may unite them mechanically at or near their central portion, or-at or near the outer edge.

With further reference to Figure 2, the discs or plates are shown at 20, 20. The sound deflector at 21. The casing for the electromagnetic diaphragm unit 2113-22, and the end of the winding of the eleetro-magnetic system at 24.

W'ith further reference to Figures 3 and 4, the same elements may be identified by like numerals.

With further reference to Figure 5, the same elements may be identified, and in addition the flares 26, and 27 on the discs 20 and 20, respectively, are pointed out.

l/Vithfurther reference to Figure 6, the

same elements may be identified, and in addition the sound reflector 28, is illustrated, at-

diaphragms actuated by the are curved and divergent, to give approved sound reflecting and sound propagating effect when such surfaces are opposed.

With further reference to Figure 8, the same elements may be identified, but it will be noted that the sound discs 20, 20. are no longer parallel, nor curved and divergent,- but are straight or plane surfaces 1n section,

and divergent, and the instrument illustrated can be easily constructed by the opposing mutually of two obtuse cones.

\Vith further reference to Figure 9, the same elements maybe identified in a duplex concentric design.

With further reference to Figure 10, 20, is the rear view of one of the discs of one of my instruments; 22, the rear view of the casing for the electro-magnetic diaphragm unit, and 24, the ends of the windings thereof.

With further reference to Figure 11, the same elements may be identified in a single electro magnetic diaphragm design, with eccentric disposition of the sound projecting "and" sound deflecting units.

VVith further reference to Figure 1-2, the back of the disc is shown at 20, and the eccentric position of the electro magnetic dia-- phragm system, or of the sound deflector at With further reference to Figure 14, the same elements may be identified upon a larger scale, and in addition it may be noted that I employ v curved surfaces 21, 21, and that the said duplex sound deflector is held in position upon the discs 20, 20. by the screw bolts 31, 31,

and the spacing sleeves 32, 32. The left hand side of the present drawing is in elevation, and the righthand side is in section.- It is evident here that my casing 22, may be re-' moved for the inspection of the contained unit by unscrewing the casing" from the threads 33, cut in the member 34, and that 1 may adjust the diaphragm 25, by varying the thickness of the ring or washer 35. Whereas I. have shown a single pole electromagnetic system herein in the interests of clearness and simplicity at 23', and throughout the other views, I may, of course, use the conventional double pole telephone receiver units as employed in ordinary loud speakers.

-With reference to Figure 15 and Figure 16. the detail parts may be easily identified.

a sound deflector here with duplex With further reference to Figure 17, the detail parts of one of my single curved sound deflectors a re shown upon a large scale, where the respective parts may be easily identified and understood.

From an inspection and study of the foregoing views, coupled with a fundamental knowledge of sound development and sound propagation, it is evident that I have planned to utilize a nmnber of laws and principles in a novel manner, when the adaptability of my construction to automatic resonance is pointed out. Especially is this automatic adaptability to resonance realized in my sound propagating plates with eecentrical-ly disposed electro-magnetic diaphragm and eccentrically disposed (o-operating sound deflector. It may also be noted that my construction conveniently and efficiently allows of the application of two electro'magnetic systems and their two associated diaphragms to he brought to bear upon a. single sound propagator, or sounding device. It may also be noted that my construction is simple and compact. capable of great power because of the duplex elcctromagnetic systen'i. and when the design is carefully studied and analyzed. it will be appreciated how I obtain autoselectivity of resonance due to the peculiar design and construction of essential parts.

I have called the resonators and sound proQ jectors entering into the construction of loud speaker with parallel. or substantially parallcl discs. pancake horns because the physical shape of the enclosed or embraced air resembles a thin or flat cylindrical pancake.

Through the agency of my small coneshaped sound deflectors. I conveniently and elliciently translate or deflect the air column vibrations in front of the diaphragms to a movement at right angles and thereby impart and continue the vibrations set up by the diaphragms to the pancake segments of air. With my present construction, therefore, I am enabled to set into vibration fiat and narrow fan-shaped columns of air, and these flat and narrow fan-shaped columns of air may be of equal length. or they may be of varying length according to my detail of construction. lVhen they are of varying length, they automatically act as tuned resonators, 'andthis interesting and valuable behavior is brought about when I construct my opposed discs with openings made eccentric, or off center, and when locate my diaphragm or diaphragms at the same place for the propagation of sound, because starting from the eccentric point, I have pancake and narrow fan-shaped columns of air of varying lengths.

It will now be seen and be appreciated that I may in this manner have a fundamental note from one or both of my discs, when the diaphragm. or diaphragms are in vibration, and a beautiful series of fundamental notes individually from the series of flat and narrow fan-shaped segments of air of varying lengths between the discs.

When I speak of my flat and narrow fanshaped segments of air, and my flat and narrow fan-shaped segments of air of vanving lengths, such a statement or statements might lead one to pro-suppose that I had planned for or provided actual dividing partitions between these segments, but in my invention I have producedsomething better than ordinary tiXcd partitions for my segments, since they automatically and continuously partition themselves according to the vibration periods to which they respond. and my flat segments of air of varying length automatically segregate and sort themselves to produce clear and beautiful musical notes in a manner somewhat. analogous to the automatic sand grains sorting into patterns without physical partitions, when tine sand is placed unsystematically upon a vibrating diaphragm.

Those who have studied diaphragms and diaphragm vibrations under the varied conditions of sound propagation, and especially those woo have made sand patterns therewith, are familiar with the fact that different parts of one and the same diaphragm may be vibrating at very different rates, and if we associate therewith an ordinary horn, or an air column with a single note characteristic, we tend to dampen and kill the many beautiful tones and overtones inherent in the vibrating diaphragm.

IVith my opposed disc construction and double electro-magnetic diaphragm sound deflector, and eccentric center of propagation, I offer paths of varying lengths in which thin pancake segments of air are free to form and resonate as independent columns, and to produce vocal. and instrumental music of great volume and truth.

The preceding remarks relate specifically to Figures 1, 2, 3 and t, and for highly beautiful results, particularly to Figures 3 and 4-. where I provide for thc pancake of air to form with varying lengths. Figures 5, 6 and 7 show other approved forms of my instrument with sound reflectors in addition to the small sound deflectors. By means of the sound reflectors the vocal and instrumental music is projected horizontally from my loud speaker when the air-enclosing plates or discs are in a vertical plane.

Figures 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are various views ofmy loud speaker instruments with divergent, and straight or plane surfaces, convenicntly constructed by opposing a pair of cones of obtuse form, and 13 is one'of my loud speakers with divergent curved air-confining surfaces, all designs producing new and superior results according to the conditions under which my loud speaker is to be used, When I use the term air confining in connection with my opposed plates, I mean air confining to the extent of holding air between the plates or discs in moulded form, analogous to the moulded form of air columns of said air confining members, a diaphragm in communication with said opening, a sound deflector opposed .to the diaphragm, and means for actuating the diaphragm.

in horns and other musical instruments, 6. Aloud speaker or sound projector,com-

5 where the sounds emitted are derived from prising separated air confining members, 70

the resonance of the confined air. openings in the said members at points be- I Wish to call particular attention to the tween the centers and the edges, diaphragms the design illustrated in Figure 11, con'lprisin communication with said openings, and

ing two obtuse opposed cone nd the elecmeans for actuating said diaphragm. 75

7. A loud speakeror sound projector, comprising separated air confining members, openings in said air confining members at points between the centers and edges, diaphragms in communication with said openings, a sound deflector opposed to the diatro-magnet c diaphragm and deflector systems eccentric. Here the confined air is no longer pancake shaped, and the segments are no longer pie-shaped, but are wedge shaped 5 in two dimensions, and these double wedge shaped air segments are also of varying lengths because. the zone of the sound pmpaphragms, and means for vibrating th (liagating system or systems is eccentric, or off pln-agms, center. Here my auto-selectivity of reso- 8 A d l Sound generator, comprising nanceisverymarked, and whenI use a duplex a i f Opposed it h i fl ibl 11 electro'magnet'ic diaphragm and duplex phragms, a duplex sound deflector opposed to Sound deflector, 1 Secure usual y Powerful, the diaphragms, and means for attaching the n exceedingly truthful It of units and duplex sound deflector inrigidand course, understood that I may use a back plate Opposed iti v and reflector in, connection with the instru- Signed at New York city, in the county of ment illustrated in Figure 8, 9, or 11, such N Y k d St t f N Y this 9 as I show in connection with Figures 6 and 7 d f M A 1); 1 2 and it is also understood that I may use two of MILLER REE HUTOHISON my electro-magnetic diaphragm units and defiectors, divergent cones, eccentric zone of propagation, and back plate with reflector, as well as other combinations not shown. I

' Whereas I have referred to electro-magnetic diaphragm units as sound generators, it is evident that I may employ other devices, as for example, a musical or speaking'arc, or any other sound emitting system.

Having described my invention, I claim: 1. A loud speaker or sound projector, com- 40 prising separated air confiningmembers, an

opening in one of said members, a sound emitting device in communication with said opening, a sound deflector opposed to said sound emitting device. a

5 QTA loud speaker or sound projector, comprising separated air confining members,

openings in said air confining members, and

sound emitting devices in communication with said openings. 1

3. A loud speaker or sound projector, comprising separated air confining members,

openings in said air confining members, diaphragms in communication with the open ings, a sound deflector between the diaphragms, and means for actuating the dia- 4:. A loud speaker or sound projector, comprising separated air confining members, an

opening in one of them eccentric to the center,

60 a diaphragm in communication with said opening, and means for actuating said diaphragm.

'5. A loud speaker or sound projector, comprising separated air confining members, an

65 opening in one of them eccentric to the center 

